Outline

• Definition of Child Abuse and Neglect 
  • Recognizing fractures and subdural hematoma
  • Various types of neglect
  • 1865 to 1980 – Organizing Societies to Prevent Child Abuse
• Child Abuse Imaging Protocols 
  • Group 1: Babies and Toddlers under 23 months – Shaken Baby Syndrome
  • Group 2: Children 2 years and older – different type of physical abuse
  • US and Texas statistics of child abuse
  • Skeletal surveys for the two age groups
  • Head Trauma
• The Various Types of Neglect and Sexual Abuse 

• Failure to provide supervision and nourishment
• Emotional, Educational and Medical Neglect
• Sexual Abuse

• Who are the Perpetrators?
  • Common issues concerning perpetrators
  • Does it affect all social levels?
     
• Legal Issues for the Radiographer

• Who must report child abuse?
• Legal issues concerning images
• Radiation Safety

• Pandemic and Child Abuse Statistics 

• How Emergency Departments changed during the pandemic
• How the pandemic affected reporting of abuse
• What can RTs do concerning child abuse?

• Digital Radiography 

• Image quality vs dose
• Dose management
• Standard measures for controlling dose
• Pediatric imaging standards, policies and procedures

• Fluoroscopy 

• Justification
• Child size protocols
• Optimization of positioning, collimation, exposure factors
• Equipment optimization
• Shielding

Objectives:

• Define child abuse and neglect.
• Describe the various types of child abuse and neglect.
• Know the characteristics, indicators and possible signs of child abuse.
• Understand imaging protocols for the different pediatric age groups.
• Understand legal reporting procedures for radiographers.
• Demonstrate methods of pediatric radiation dose management in digital radiography and fluoroscopy imaging.
• Identify imaging practices specific to the pediatric population, taking into consideration the age and size of the patient.